完成第一階段~我的計畫書

經過3個多月的準備修改潤稿，終於今天完成計畫書了，下周一就要送出，希望一切順利

TWD67, TWD97, WGS84

目前台灣常用的座標系統分別是 TWD67、TWD97 和 WGS84，其中 WGS84 就是網路應用上常用的 GPS (lat, lon) 格式，說實在的對於座標系統我也不是專長，對於其背後運作，還真的是一知半解；在接觸防災領域後，加上近年來 ITS(智慧交通系統) 的開放服務越趨興盛，而台灣地區的資料慢慢地釋出，但第一個就是資料格式以及轉換的問題….一開始還真的沒有頭緒

但就我目前工作來說，最常使用的還是TWD97及WGS84，因為所使用的資料其實都有逐漸統整了，所以在格式轉換上，目前已經不是有太大問題…

WGS84，全稱World Geodetic System 1984，是為GPS全球定位系統使用而建立的坐標系統。通過遍布世界的衛星觀測站觀測到的坐標建立，其初次WGS84的精度為1-2m，在1994年1月2日，通過10個觀測站在GPS測量方法上改正，得到了WGS84（G730），G表示由GPS測量得到，730表示為GPS時間第730個周。

1996年，National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) 為美國國防部 (U.S.Department of Defense, DoD)做了一個新的坐標系統。這樣實現了新的WGS版本WGS（G873）。其因為加入了美國海軍天文台和北京站的改正，其東部方向加入了31-39cm 的改正。所有的其他坐標都有在1公寸之內的修正。   資料來源：Wiki

Datum 是由數學模式所計算出來的地球外形，可以準確而一致地標示出方位及區域，地表重要建物地標，經過詳實的量測後， 將此Datum精準的呈現出來，特定的地圖資料會標示經緯度，每張圖會有一Map Datum 以供參考， 而Map Datum通常會標列於地圖上方區塊，如果將GPS座標與地圖或其他參佐資料作一比較的話，GPS中的Map Datum應與地圖或其他參佐資料一致。

在台灣地區目前有虎子山與TWD97(WGS84)兩種大地座標系統。拿到地圖需注意下列兩項標識：

1.大地座標系統(MAP DATUN)

2.座標顯示方式(FORMAT)

調整GPS之設定後，在使用GPS時所得到的定位資料才能與台灣地區的地圖吻合。

台灣地區(本島)目前一般使用的座標系統有二：TWD67 與 TWD97 兩種

• TWD67：是依據 1967年之國際地球原子參數(Geodetic Reference System 1967，GRS67) 而定，以埔里虎子山為測量原點，這是目前地形圖所用的系統，由於地形圖上的說明區，並無很明確的註明系統名稱，只列出"平面控制：以南投縣埔里鎮虎子山三角點為原點"，因當時只有此系統在使用且無統一名稱，所以就常稱為: 虎子山系統( Hu-Tzu-Shan) 或 GRS67 (或TWD67)。
• TWD97：是依據 1980 年之國際地球原子參數(Geodetic Reference System 1980, GRS80) 而定，以埔里虎子山為測量原點，這是內政部為應用GPS重新檢測及建置全省三角點，而規範之座標系統，並且具體訂定名稱為：TWD97，而此系統與 WGS84系統之差異，只有"公分等級"的差異大小，在導航級GPS( 平均定位精度在1~15公尺者)中，是感覺不出來的，所以 我們在說明書上有所說明:....... TWD97的系統，此系統與WGS84 系統相近，只在用於精密測量時才有影響。

台灣目前國內間用的就是TWD97二度分帶，國際間用的就是WGS84經緯座標
單在台灣地區，TWD97的準確度會比WGS84來的高，TWD97的誤差大約1/10000，精準度已經相當高，
但缺點而言就是，此坐標只能使用於台灣地區，離島有各自的投影帶，
……

下一篇文章我就分享我的轉換程式原始碼~~~給我時間整理一下吧

這幾天的定量降水預報~自我校驗~成功

這周真的是連日的下雨，我在台北都壞發霉了，從我針對第一區養護工程處各工務段的定量降水預報來說，基本上是還蠻符合的，但其實定量降水預報現行的模式大多無法做出來的，尤其在台灣地形變化大，加上監控路段分別位於不同路段(背風迎風面、山谷山腰、臨海山區等等)，更增添困難度。

官方的預報只能針對地區性來預報，對於定點定量還是有其限制，這也是我們存在的價值，希望持續精進囉~~!!

Good Job

又一波強降水回波移進台灣地區囉

這次的降水將持續較長的時間，請大家務必注意安全囉；預計1000開始影響中部地區，1100開始影響北部地區。

台9線(石碇、坪林)、台9甲線(烏來)及台7線霞雲附近都有土石坍方，請注意安全

The magic ingredient that brings Pixar movies to life

When I was seven years old, some well-meaning adult asked me what I wanted to be when I grew up. Proudly, I said: "An artist." "No, you don't," he said, "You can't make a living being an artist!"

My little seven-year-old Picasso dreams were crushed. But I gathered myself, went off in search of a new dream, eventually settling on being a scientist, perhaps something like the next Albert Einstein.

利用Voronoi Polygons tool 製作台灣地區雨量站的多邊形法

Voronoi polygons is a systematic way to divide spaces into a number of regions using a set of points specified at the beginning.

For each point there will be a corresponding region that consists of the points closer to that points than any other. These regions are called voronoi cells.

Voronoi polygons are useful in that they allow mappers to visually see the distribution of points through shapes.

更多的定義可以參考Wiki click here.

2016年4月10日滯留鋒面天氣快報

昨晚發布了一篇有關周末因滯留鋒面影響，全台未來一周有雨天氣，這春天可以說是"春天後母面"，一切都變得很快，昨天一道不連續帶通過台灣，今天(9日)算是相對穩定的天氣，另一波滯留鋒面現在位於福建省、江西省附近，LLJ隨著在長江口附近的分裂高壓出海，有往南壓的趨勢，目前700hP-LLJ正位於日本南方洋面向西南延伸至雲貴一帶，850hPa-LLJ則分布在較內陸的地方，與過去相較有明顯的東移，但原本位於湖北湖南的低壓有明顯減弱，而在長江流域以南有一道顯著的不連續帶，但目前暖舌並不顯著；在這個不連續帶中，溫度的不連續相差約6度，隨著分裂高壓出海，南來的冷空氣會比較減弱，屆時對於此低壓的發展有限。

2016年4月9日周末天氣預報

這個周末我想真的不太平靜，因為明後天短暫的好天氣，又將再轉變成陰雨綿綿的日子了。

首先我想大家在媒體上大概都可以知道"本周日開始全島有雨，持續到下周四"，這個標題我想也看很多了。

接著我就先向大家報告一下，以目前氣流場的圖來看(左上圖為850hPa高空圖、右上圖為700hPa高空圖)，再進底層有一部連續代在台灣東北部外海，低壓系統正在華南江西省、福建一帶，目前來看，這個低壓勢力其實沒有太大的變化，隨著太平洋副高勢力東退，此低壓也會緩慢向東移出；在地面圖的部分(左下角)，有一個比較微弱的分裂高壓於渤海出海，將北方較冷的空氣往南帶到台灣地區，所以目前北部地區也有感覺些微的溫度降低的情況。

開始Coding得日子吧~with QGIS

GIS的應用目前可以說是越來越廣泛，但單純的圖並不具任何意義的，而是把正確的資訊透過圖像的方式表達，才可以達到。

在玩了QGIS後，發現功能之強大，但還是必須學會Coding

如此一來才可以發揮真正的效用，這裡與大家一起分享有關GIS Coding的教學網站囉。重點還是免費的ㄟ

https://www.udacity.com/course/programming-foundations-with-python--ud036

How life is organized on earth?

Reimagine how life is organized on earth. Think of the planet like a human body that we inhabit. The skeleton is the transportation system of roads and railways, bridges and tunnels, air and seaports that enable our mobility across the continents.
The vascular system that powers the body are the oil and gas pipelines and electricity grids. that distribute energy.
And the nervous system of communications is the Internet cables, satellites, cellular networks and data centers that allow us to share information.
這就像這次演講開門見山的指出
How life is organized on earth?
我們將視野放大到整個地球村的概念，其實早在20世紀就已經有地球村的概念被提出，只是當時的基礎建設不完善，甚至航空業一直到二戰結束才逐漸迅速發展，甚至到2004年才開中美、日美的佈局。台灣在民國76年開始著手天空開放政策，著手修改民用航空法，促進國內航空市場的自由化。一直到2009年兩開包機開放，2011年台日航約生效。
雖然在六十年代初期國際能源危機和與航空業有競爭關係的中山高速公路通車，卻依然動搖不了台灣民航事業的需求。事實上，到了民國七十年代中期，航空業者也期望政府能解除對民航事業的限制，讓航空業有較自由的發展空間，這也迫使政府不得不做出因應。
<<好像有點離題了~再回到這次的演講吧>>

本周天氣快報ㄟ

這禮拜受到太平洋附帶高壓系統的壟罩影響，都是屬於一個炎熱天天氣，白天就像夏天一樣~熱熱熱；晚上氣溫偏涼。

周末另一低壓帶通過台灣北部外海，北部地區為多雲轉局部短暫雨天氣，宜蘭山區有局部性降水，蘇澳、南澳有局部性降水

你所愛的GIS

地理資訊系統（Geographic Information System，GIS）是一門綜合性學科，結合地理學與地圖學，已經廣泛的應用在不同的領域，是用於輸入、存儲、查詢、分析和顯示地理數據的計算機系統

GIS屬於資訊系統的一類，不同在於它能運作和處理地理參照數據。地理參照數據描述地球表面（包括大氣層和較淺的地表下空間）空間要素的位置和屬性，在GIS中的兩種地理數據成分：空間數據，與空間要素幾何特性有關；屬性數據，提供空間要素的資訊。

地理資訊系統與全球定位系統、遙感系統合稱3S系統。

<<以上資料來自維基百科>>

近年來政府資訊開放，部論是不是專業工作者都可以輕易取用，我目前也正在研究有管台灣降雨事件與GIS的應用領域。

剛剛在ESRI上看到一個活動<<Esri Storytelling with Maps Contest>>，非常有趣，大家可以上去試試喔，分享自己的故事，拿大獎啦

快來看看說明吧

一直很喜歡TED的演講舞台，與你一起分享

接下來我預計每天一篇演講，並與大家分享，內容的語句、單字等等，希望大家會喜歡

 

Today Topic：The surprising habits of original thinkers

Adam Grant

 

Seven years ago, a student came to me and asked me to invest in his company. He said, "I'm working with three friends, and we're going to try to disrupt an industry by selling stuff online." And I said, "OK, you guys spent the whole summer on this, right?" "No, we all took internships just in case it doesn't work out." "All right, but you're going to go in full time once you graduate." "Not exactly. We've all lined up backup jobs." Six months go by, it's the day before the company launches, and there is still not a functioning website. "You guys realize, the entire company is a website. That's literally all it is." So I obviously declined to invest.

00:52And they ended up naming the company Warby Parker.

00:54(Laughter) They sell glasses online. They were recently recognized as the world's most innovative company and valued at over a billion dollars. And now? My wife handles our investments. Why was I so wrong?

01:12To find out, I've been studying people that I come to call "originals." Originals are nonconformists, people who not only have new ideas but take action to champion them. They are people who stand out and speak up. Originals drive creativity and change in the world. They're the people you want to bet on. And they look nothing like I expected. I want to show you today three things I've learned about recognizing originals and becoming a little bit more like them.

01:41So the first reason that I passed on Warby Parker was they were really slow getting off the ground. Now, you are all intimately familiar with the mind of a procrastinator. Well, I have a confession for you. I'm the opposite. I'm a precrastinator. Yes, that's an actual term. You know that panic you feel a few hours before a big deadline when you haven't done anything yet. I just feel that a few months ahead of time.

02:08(Laughter)

02:10So this started early: when I was a kid, I took Nintendo games very seriously. I would wake up at 5am,start playing and not stop until I had mastered them. Eventually it got so out of hand that a local newspaper came and did a story on the dark side of Nintendo, starring me.

02:30(Laughter)

02:33(Applause)

02:40Since then, I have traded hair for teeth.

02:43(Laughter)

02:48But this served me well in college, because I finished my senior thesis four months before the deadline.And I was proud of that, until a few years ago. I had a student named Jihae, who came to me and said, "I have my most creative ideas when I'm procrastinating." And I was like, "That's cute, where are the four papers you owe me?"

03:11(Laughter)

03:12No, she was one of our most creative students, and as an organizational psychologist, this is the kind of idea that I test. So I challenged her to get some data. She goes into a bunch of companies. She has people fill out surveys about how often they procrastinate. Then she gets their bosses to rate how creative and innovative they are. And sure enough, the precrastinators like me, who rush in and do everything early are rated as less creative than people who procrastinate moderately. So I want to know what happens to the chronic procrastinators. She was like, "I don't know. They didn't fill out my survey."

03:45(Laughter)

03:48No, here are our results. You actually do see that the people who wait until the last minute are so busy goofing off that they don't have any new ideas. And on the flip side, the people who race in are in such a frenzy of anxiety that they don't have original thoughts either. There's a sweet spot where originals seem to live. Why is this? Maybe original people just have bad work habits. Maybe procrastinating does not cause creativity.

04:21To find out, we designed some experiments. We asked people to generate new business ideas, and then we get independent readers to evaluate how creative and useful they are. And some of them are asked to do the task right away. Others we randomly assign to procrastinate by dangling Minesweeper in front of them for either five or 10 minutes. And sure enough, the moderate procrastinators are 16 percent more creative than the other two groups. Now, Minesweeper is awesome, but it's not the driver of the effect,because if you play the game first before you learn about the task, there's no creativity boost. It's only when you're told that you're going to be working on this problem, and then you start procrastinating, but the task is still active in the back of your mind, that you start to incubate. Procrastination gives you time to consider divergent ideas, to think in nonlinear ways, to make unexpected leaps.

05:15So just as we were finishing these experiments, I was starting to write a book about originals, and I thought, "This is the perfect time to teach myself to procrastinate, while writing a chapter on procrastination." So I metaprocrastinated, and like any self-respecting precrastinator, I woke up early the next morning and I made a to-do list with steps on how to procrastinate.

05:38(Laughter)

05:42And then I worked diligently toward my goal of not making progress toward my goal. I started writing the procrastination chapter, and one day -- I was halfway through -- I literally put it away in mid-sentence for months. It was agony. But when I came back to it, I had all sorts of new ideas. As Aaron Sorkin put it,"You call it procrastinating. I call it thinking." And along the way I discovered that a lot of great originals in history were procrastinators. Take Leonardo da Vinci. He toiled on and off for 16 years on the Mona Lisa.He felt like a failure. He wrote as much in his journal. But some of the diversions he took in opticstransformed the way that he modeled light and made him into a much better painter. What about Martin Luther King, Jr.? The night before the biggest speech of his life, the March on Washington, he was up past 3am, rewriting it. He's sitting in the audience waiting for his turn to go onstage, and he is still scribbling notes and crossing out lines. When he gets onstage, 11 minutes in, he leaves his prepared remarks to utter four words that changed the course of history: "I have a dream." That was not in the script. By delaying the task of finalizing the speech until the very last minute, he left himself open to the widest range of possible ideas. And because the text wasn't set in stone, he had freedom to improvise.

07:19Procrastinating is a vice when it comes to productivity, but it can be a virtue for creativity. What you see with a lot of great originals is that they are quick to start but they're slow to finish. And this is what I missed with Warby Parker. When they were dragging their heels for six months, I looked at them and said, "You know, a lot of other companies are starting to sell glasses online." They missed the first-mover advantage. But what I didn't realize was they were spending all that time trying to figure out how to get people to be comfortable ordering glasses online. And it turns out the first-mover advantage is mostly a myth. Look at a classic study of over 50 product categories, comparing the first movers who created the market with the improvers who introduced something different and better. What you see is that the first movers had a failure rate of 47 percent, compared with only 8 percent for the improvers. Look at Facebook, waiting to build a social network until after Myspace and Friendster. Look at Google, waiting for years after Altavista and Yahoo. It's much easier to improve on somebody else's idea than it is to create something new from scratch. So the lesson I learned is that to be original you don't have to be first. You just have to be different and better.

08:37But that wasn't the only reason I passed on Warby Parker. They were also full of doubts. They had backup plans lined up, and that made me doubt that they had the courage to be original, because I expected that originals would look something like this.

08:54(Laughter)

08:57Now, on the surface, a lot of original people look confident, but behind the scenes, they feel the same fear and doubt that the rest of us do. They just manage it differently. Let me show you: this is a depictionof how the creative process works for most of us.

09:15(Laughter)

09:19Now, in my research, I discovered there are two different kinds of doubt. There's self-doubt and idea doubt. Self-doubt is paralyzing. It leads you to freeze. But idea doubt is energizing. It motivates you to test, to experiment, to refine, just like MLK did. And so the key to being original is just a simple thing of avoiding the leap from step three to step four. Instead of saying, "I'm crap," you say, "The first few drafts are always crap, and I'm just not there yet." So how do you get there? Well, there's a clue, it turns out, in the Internet browser that you use. We can predict your job performance and your commitment just by knowing what web browser you use. Now, some of you are not going to like the results of this study --

10:05(Laughter)

10:07But there is good evidence that Firefox and Chrome users significantly outperform Internet Explorer and Safari users. Yes.

10:16(Applause)

10:18They also stay in their jobs 15 percent longer, by the way. Why? It's not a technical advantage. The four browser groups on average have similar typing speed and they also have similar levels of computer knowledge. It's about how you got the browser. Because if you use Internet Explorer or Safari, those came preinstalled on your computer, and you accepted the default option that was handed to you. If you wanted Firefox or Chrome, you had to doubt the default and ask, is there a different option out there, and then be a little resourceful and download a new browser. So people hear about this study and they're like, "Great, if I want to get better at my job, I just need to upgrade my browser?"

10:56(Laughter)

10:57No, it's about being the kind of person who takes the initiative to doubt the default and look for a better option. And if you do that well, you will open yourself up to the opposite of déjà vu. There's a name for it. It's called vuja de.

11:12(Laughter)

11:15Vuja de is when you look at something you've seen many times before and all of a sudden see it with fresh eyes. It's a screenwriter who looks at a movie script that can't get the green light for more than half a century. In every past version, the main character has been an evil queen. But Jennifer Lee starts to question whether that makes sense. She rewrites the first act, reinvents the villain as a tortured hero and Frozen becomes the most successful animated movie ever. So there's a simple message from this story.When you feel doubt, don't let it go.

11:49(Laughter)

11:52What about fear? Originals feel fear, too. They're afraid of failing, but what sets them apart from the rest of us is that they're even more afraid of failing to try. They know you can fail by starting a business that goes bankrupt or by failing to start a business at all. They know that in the long run, our biggest regrets are not our actions but our inactions. The things we wish we could redo, if you look at the science, are the chances not taken.

12:20Elon Musk told me recently, he didn't expect Tesla to succeed. He was sure the first few SpaceX launches would fail to make it to orbit, let alone get back, but it was too important not to try. And for so many of us, when we have an important idea, we don't bother to try. But I have some good news for you.You are not going to get judged on your bad ideas. A lot of people think they will. If you look across industries and ask people about their biggest idea, their most important suggestion, 85 percent of them stayed silent instead of speaking up. They were afraid of embarrassing themselves, of looking stupid. But guess what? Originals have lots and lots of bad ideas, tons of them, in fact. Take the guy who invented this. Do you care that he came up with a talking doll so creepy that it scared not only kids but adults, too? No. You celebrate Thomas Edison for pioneering the light bulb.

13:17(Laughter)

13:19If you look across fields, the greatest originals are the ones who fail the most, because they're the ones who try the most. Take classical composers, the best of the best. Why do some of them get more pages in encyclopedias than others and also have their compositions rerecorded more times? One of the best predictors is the sheer volume of compositions that they generate. The more output you churn out, the more variety you get and the better your chances of stumbling on something truly original. Even the three icons of classical music -- Bach, Beethoven, Mozart -- had to generate hundreds and hundreds of compositions to come up with a much smaller number of masterpieces. Now, you may be wondering,how did this guy become great without doing a whole lot? I don't know how Wagner pulled that off. But for most of us, if we want to be more original, we have to generate more ideas.

14:15The Warby Parker founders, when they were trying to name their company, they needed something sophisticated, unique, with no negative associations to build a retail brand, and they tested over 2,000 possibilities before they finally put together Warby and Parker. So if you put all this together, what you see is that originals are not that different from the rest of us. They feel fear and doubt. They procrastinate.They have bad ideas. And sometimes, it's not in spite of those qualities but because of them that they succeed.

14:47So when you see those things, don't make the same mistake I did. Don't write them off. And when that's you, don't count yourself out either. Know that being quick to start but slow to finish can boost your creativity, that you can motivate yourself by doubting your ideas and embracing the fear of failing to try,and that you need a lot of bad ideas in order to get a few good ones.

15:07Look, being original is not easy, but I have no doubt about this: it's the best way to improve the world around us.

15:15Thank you.

15:16(Applause)

女兒~我的前世情人